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议会

议会是立法机关的一种型态，由人民中选出一定数量的代表者组成以执行立法权；这些代表者称为议员，可以透过直接选举或间接选举产生、也可能是委任的。

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WASHINGTON, DC - JANUARY 01: Members of the House of Representatives leave after voting for legislation to avoid the "fiscal cliff" during a rare New Year's Day session January 1, 2013 in Washington, DC. Voting 257-167, the House passed a bill that the Senate passed the night before, clearing the way for President Barack Obama to sign the legislation to avoid the "fiscal cliff." (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)

WASHINGTON, DC - JANUARY 01: Members of the House of Representatives leave after voting for legislation to avoid the "fiscal cliff" during a rare New Year's Day session January 1, 2013 in Washington, DC. Voting 257-167, the House passed a bill that the Senate passed the night before, clearing the way for President Barack Obama to sign the legislation to avoid the "fiscal cliff." (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)

财政妥协争纷未了

美国众议院日前通过了参议院之前一天提出的财政妥协案。财政悬崖得以避免。不过，这很可能只是暂时的。

美国国会假期开会讨论预算草案

Eine TV-Kamera steht am Sonntag (06.05.2012) im Wahlstudio der ARD in Kiel. Mehr als 2,2 Millionen Stimmberechtigte in Schleswig-Holstein waren aufgerufen, einen neuen Landtag zu wählen. Foto: Daniel Reinhardt dpa/lno

Eine TV-Kamera steht am Sonntag (06.05.2012) im Wahlstudio der ARD in Kiel. Mehr als 2,2 Millionen Stimmberechtigte in Schleswig-Holstein waren aufgerufen, einen neuen Landtag zu wählen. Foto: Daniel Reinhardt dpa/lno

2013德国选举年

默克尔是否会在明年的大选蝉联总理之位？地方选举形势又会如何?

Abgeordnete werfen am 14.12.2012 im Bundestag in Berlin ihre Stimmkarten bei der Namentlichen Abstimmung zum Bundeswehreinsatz in der Türkei ein. In seiner letzten Sitzung im Jahr 2012 befasste sich der Deutsche Bundestag unter anderem mit dem NATO Einsatz der Bundeswehr mit Patriot Systemen in der Türkei. Foto: Michael Kappeler/dpa

Abgeordnete werfen am 14.12.2012 im Bundestag in Berlin ihre Stimmkarten bei der Namentlichen Abstimmung zum Bundeswehreinsatz in der Türkei ein. In seiner letzten Sitzung im Jahr 2012 befasste sich der Deutsche Bundestag unter anderem mit dem NATO Einsatz der Bundeswehr mit Patriot Systemen in der Türkei. Foto: Michael Kappeler/dpa

德国联邦议会通过德军向土耳其派兵议案

KOMBO Iranian lawyer Nasrin Sotoudeh is seen in Tehran on November 1, 2008. Sotoudeh was sentenced to 11 years in prison for defending opposition members after the disputed re-election of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2009. A dozen lawyers defending human rights cases and opposition members are currently imprisoned in Iran, according to Amnesty International, which describes them as prisoners of conscience. AFP PHOTO/ARASH ASHOURINIA === IRAN OUT === (Photo credit should read Arash Ashourinia/AFP/Getty Images)) *** ARCHIV - Der iranische Regisseur Jafar Panahi, aufgenommen nach seiner Freilassung in Tehran (Archivfoto vom 25.05.2010). Panahi steht unter Hausarrest und durfte nicht zum Festival in Cannes. Die Anwältin Nasrin Sotudeh und der Filmemacher Jafar Panahi aus dem Iran sind diesjährige Preisträger des Sacharow-Preises des EU-Parlaments. Dies gab am 26.10.2012 in Straßburg eine Sprecherin des Europaparlaments bekannt. EPA/STR +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

KOMBO Iranian lawyer Nasrin Sotoudeh is seen in Tehran on November 1, 2008. Sotoudeh was sentenced to 11 years in prison for defending opposition members after the disputed re-election of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2009. A dozen lawyers defending human rights cases and opposition members are currently imprisoned in Iran, according to Amnesty International, which describes them as prisoners of conscience. AFP PHOTO/ARASH ASHOURINIA === IRAN OUT === (Photo credit should read Arash Ashourinia/AFP/Getty Images)) *** ARCHIV - Der iranische Regisseur Jafar Panahi, aufgenommen nach seiner Freilassung in Tehran (Archivfoto vom 25.05.2010). Panahi steht unter Hausarrest und durfte nicht zum Festival in Cannes. Die Anwältin Nasrin Sotudeh und der Filmemacher Jafar Panahi aus dem Iran sind diesjährige Preisträger des Sacharow-Preises des EU-Parlaments. Dies gab am 26.10.2012 in Straßburg eine Sprecherin des Europaparlaments bekannt. EPA/STR +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

萨哈罗夫奖的两把空椅

诺贝尔和平奖得主埃巴迪（Shirin Ebadi）将替在国内系狱的伊朗女律师纳西林·索托德赫（Nasrin Sotoudeh）领取欧洲议会颁发的萨哈罗夫奖。埃巴迪指出，这一奖项对伊朗的人权状况至关重要。

A banner with Social Liberal Union (USL) leaders, Romanian Prime Minister Victor Ponta (L) and National Liberal Party leader Crin Antonescu (R) is posted on a block of flats in Bucharest,Romania on December 8, 2012. Romania votes in parliamentary elections on December 9,2012, with the ruling centre-left coalition poised for victory after months of bitter feuding with its arch-rival President Traian Basescu. It will be Romania's first national vote since a failed attempt by Ponta's ruling Social-Liberal Union party (SLU) this summer to unseat centre-right Basescu.. AFP PHOTO DANIEL MIHAILESCU (Photo credit should read DANIEL MIHAILESCU/AFP/Getty Images)

A banner with Social Liberal Union (USL) leaders, Romanian Prime Minister Victor Ponta (L) and National Liberal Party leader Crin Antonescu (R) is posted on a block of flats in Bucharest,Romania on December 8, 2012. Romania votes in parliamentary elections on December 9,2012, with the ruling centre-left coalition poised for victory after months of bitter feuding with its arch-rival President Traian Basescu. It will be Romania's first national vote since a failed attempt by Ponta's ruling Social-Liberal Union party (SLU) this summer to unseat centre-right Basescu.. AFP PHOTO DANIEL MIHAILESCU (Photo credit should read DANIEL MIHAILESCU/AFP/Getty Images)

罗马尼亚举行议会选举

ARCHIV - Liu Xiaobo (r), inhaftierter chinesischer Bürgerrechtler und Ehrenvorsitzender des PEN-Clubs unabhängiger chinesischer Schriftsteller, mit einem Kollegen bei einem Treffen der Vereinigung im Jahr 2004. Der diesjährige Friedensnobelpreis geht an Liu Xiaobo. Das teilte das Nobelkomitee in Oslo am Freitag (08.10.2010) mit. Foto: Liu Xia

ARCHIV - Liu Xiaobo (r), inhaftierter chinesischer Bürgerrechtler und Ehrenvorsitzender des PEN-Clubs unabhängiger chinesischer Schriftsteller, mit einem Kollegen bei einem Treffen der Vereinigung im Jahr 2004. Der diesjährige Friedensnobelpreis geht an Liu Xiaobo. Das teilte das Nobelkomitee in Oslo am Freitag (08.10.2010) mit. Foto: Liu Xia

白宫：中国应释放刘晓波

美国的立场非常鲜明：美国在不断促请中国政府立刻释放刘晓波。

ARCHIV: Italiens damaliger Premierminister Silvio Berlusconi gestikuliert bei einem Parteitag der PDL in Rom, Italien (Foto vom 16.04.11). Fast 18 Jahre lang galt Silvio Berlusconi als das Enfant terrible unter den europaeischen Spitzenpolitikern. Neben seinen zahlreichen Justiz- und Sexskandalen ist er international vor allem fuer seine teilweise bizarren Aeusserungen auf dem diplomatischen Parkett bekannt. Italiens skandalumwitterter Ex-Ministerpraesident Silvio Berlusconi will bei den Parlamentswahlen im Fruehjahr 2013 nun doch nicht noch einmal kandidieren. (zu dapd-Text) Foto: Riccardo De Luca/AP/dapd

ARCHIV: Italiens damaliger Premierminister Silvio Berlusconi gestikuliert bei einem Parteitag der PDL in Rom, Italien (Foto vom 16.04.11). Fast 18 Jahre lang galt Silvio Berlusconi als das Enfant terrible unter den europaeischen Spitzenpolitikern. Neben seinen zahlreichen Justiz- und Sexskandalen ist er international vor allem fuer seine teilweise bizarren Aeusserungen auf dem diplomatischen Parkett bekannt. Italiens skandalumwitterter Ex-Ministerpraesident Silvio Berlusconi will bei den Parlamentswahlen im Fruehjahr 2013 nun doch nicht noch einmal kandidieren. (zu dapd-Text) Foto: Riccardo De Luca/AP/dapd

贝卢斯科尼正式宣布再次参选

Der Bremer Abgeordnete Elombo Bolayela in der Bremischen Bürgerschaft (Landtag). Er ist ein Migrant aus der Demokratischen Republik Kongo und 2011 für die SPD als erster afrikanischstämmiger Abgeordneter in einen deutschen Landtag eingezogen. Foto DW/Philipp Sandner, 2012 in Bremen

Der Bremer Abgeordnete Elombo Bolayela in der Bremischen Bürgerschaft (Landtag). Er ist ein Migrant aus der Demokratischen Republik Kongo und 2011 für die SPD als erster afrikanischstämmiger Abgeordneter in einen deutschen Landtag eingezogen. Foto DW/Philipp Sandner, 2012 in Bremen

德国议会中的首位非洲裔议员

德国议会中的首位非洲裔议员

德国联邦议会批准进一步援助希腊

泰国总理通过议会不信任投票

Blick auf den Palacio Sao Bento, Sitz des Parlaments, in der portugiesischen Hauptstadt Portugal, aufgenommen 1993. Schlagworte Politik, Gebäude, Parlament, Palacio_Sao_Bento

Blick auf den Palacio Sao Bento, Sitz des Parlaments, in der portugiesischen Hauptstadt Portugal, aufgenommen 1993. Schlagworte Politik, Gebäude, Parlament, Palacio_Sao_Bento

葡萄牙通过欧盟2013年争议预算草案

加泰罗尼亚举行议会选举

Parteimitglieder der Piratenpartei stimmen auf dem Bundesparteitag (24-25.11.2012) ab Alle Photos sind mit Einverständnis der Fotografierten gemacht. Fotograf: Wolfgang Dick, Redaktion Hintergrund Deutschland

Parteimitglieder der Piratenpartei stimmen auf dem Bundesparteitag (24-25.11.2012) ab Alle Photos sind mit Einverständnis der Fotografierten gemacht. Fotograf: Wolfgang Dick, Redaktion Hintergrund Deutschland

德国海盗党召开党代会全面制定党纲

德国海盗党党代会将全面制定党纲

ARCHIV - Rekruten der Bundeswehr marschieren am 20.07.2011 zum feierlichen Gelöbnis vor dem Reichstag in Berlin auf. Mit mehreren Gedenkveranstaltungen und dem traditionellen Bundeswehr-Gelöbnis wird am 20.07.2012 in Berlin an das gescheiterte Attentat auf Adolf Hitler vor 68 Jahren erinnert. Am Abend schwören rund 400 Bundeswehrsoldaten bei einer feierlichen Zeremonie auf dem Gelände des Verteidigungsministeriums ihren Eid. Kritiker der Zeremonie haben Proteste angemeldet. Foto: Maurizio Gambarini dpa/lbn +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

ARCHIV - Rekruten der Bundeswehr marschieren am 20.07.2011 zum feierlichen Gelöbnis vor dem Reichstag in Berlin auf. Mit mehreren Gedenkveranstaltungen und dem traditionellen Bundeswehr-Gelöbnis wird am 20.07.2012 in Berlin an das gescheiterte Attentat auf Adolf Hitler vor 68 Jahren erinnert. Am Abend schwören rund 400 Bundeswehrsoldaten bei einer feierlichen Zeremonie auf dem Gelände des Verteidigungsministeriums ihren Eid. Kritiker der Zeremonie haben Proteste angemeldet. Foto: Maurizio Gambarini dpa/lbn +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

德国军队听命于议会

德国联邦国防军执行的每一次境外任务都必须得到联邦议院的批准

Japan's Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda arrives at the lower house of the Parliament in Tokyo November 16, 2012. The Japanese parliament's lower house was dissolved for a December 16, 2012 election on Friday that opinion polls suggest will return the long-dominant Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) to power with a conservative former prime minister at the helm. REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon (JAPAN - Tags: POLITICS BUSINESS TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)

Japan's Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda arrives at the lower house of the Parliament in Tokyo November 16, 2012. The Japanese parliament's lower house was dissolved for a December 16, 2012 election on Friday that opinion polls suggest will return the long-dominant Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) to power with a conservative former prime minister at the helm. REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon (JAPAN - Tags: POLITICS BUSINESS TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)

日本众议院解散

ARCHIV - Das Kapitol in Washington, aufgenommen am Abend des 27.01.2010. Der US-Kongress ist gemäß Artikel I der amerikanischen Verfassung zuständig für die Gesetzgebung, den Haushalt sowie die Kontrolle von Präsident und Regierung. Sein Sitz ist das Kapitol in Washington. Bei der Kongresswahl am heutigen Dienstag (02.11.)dürften die Amerikaner ihrem Frust über die miese Konjunktur Luft machen. Der demokratischen Partei von Präsident Obama droht als Konsequenz eine herbe Schlappe. Foto: ALLISON SHELLEY +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

ARCHIV - Das Kapitol in Washington, aufgenommen am Abend des 27.01.2010. Der US-Kongress ist gemäß Artikel I der amerikanischen Verfassung zuständig für die Gesetzgebung, den Haushalt sowie die Kontrolle von Präsident und Regierung. Sein Sitz ist das Kapitol in Washington. Bei der Kongresswahl am heutigen Dienstag (02.11.)dürften die Amerikaner ihrem Frust über die miese Konjunktur Luft machen. Der demokratischen Partei von Präsident Obama droht als Konsequenz eine herbe Schlappe. Foto: ALLISON SHELLEY +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

美国国会举行大选以来首次会议

LONDON, ENGLAND - JUNE 19: His Holiness the Dalai Lama, 76, appears at Royal Albert Hall on June 19, 2012 in London, England. The exiled Buddhist Tibetan leader is on national tour of the United Kingdom with visits to Manchester, Leeds and London. (Photo by Rosie Hallam/Getty Images)

LONDON, ENGLAND - JUNE 19: His Holiness the Dalai Lama, 76, appears at Royal Albert Hall on June 19, 2012 in London, England. The exiled Buddhist Tibetan leader is on national tour of the United Kingdom with visits to Manchester, Leeds and London. (Photo by Rosie Hallam/Getty Images)

达赖喇嘛在日国会获支持

达赖喇嘛呼吁日本议员去西藏看一看，找到引发藏人自焚事件的原因。

希腊议会通过预算

希腊议会通过财政预算，为获得下一笔国际财政援助扫清了障碍

希腊议会表决通过明年财政预算法案

European Union member states' flags flutter in the wind, in front of the building of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, in this file photo taken April 21, 2004. The European Union won the Nobel Peace Prize for its long-term role in uniting the continent, the Norwegian Nobel Committee said on Friday, an award seen as morale boost for the bloc as it struggles to resolve its debt crisis. The committee praised the 27-nation EU for rebuilding after World War Two and for its role in spreading stability to former communist countries after the 1989 fall of the Berlin Wall. REUTERS/Vincent Kessler/Files (FRANCE - Tags: POLITICS)

European Union member states' flags flutter in the wind, in front of the building of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, in this file photo taken April 21, 2004. The European Union won the Nobel Peace Prize for its long-term role in uniting the continent, the Norwegian Nobel Committee said on Friday, an award seen as morale boost for the bloc as it struggles to resolve its debt crisis. The committee praised the 27-nation EU for rebuilding after World War Two and for its role in spreading stability to former communist countries after the 1989 fall of the Berlin Wall. REUTERS/Vincent Kessler/Files (FRANCE - Tags: POLITICS)

欧盟成员国同欧盟议会启动关于明年财政预算关键谈判

Greece's Prime Minister Antonis Samaras addresses parliamentarians during a session in Athens November 7, 2012. Greek police fired teargas and water cannons to disperse thousands of protesters who flooded into the main square before parliament on Wednesday in a massive show of anger against lawmakers due to narrowly pass an austerity package.The violence erupted as a handful of protesters tried to break through a barricade to enter parliament, where Samaras is expected to barely eke out a win for the belt-tightening law despite opposition from a coalition partner. REUTERS/Yorgos Karahalis (GREECE - Tags: POLITICS BUSINESS)

Greece's Prime Minister Antonis Samaras addresses parliamentarians during a session in Athens November 7, 2012. Greek police fired teargas and water cannons to disperse thousands of protesters who flooded into the main square before parliament on Wednesday in a massive show of anger against lawmakers due to narrowly pass an austerity package.The violence erupted as a handful of protesters tried to break through a barricade to enter parliament, where Samaras is expected to barely eke out a win for the belt-tightening law despite opposition from a coalition partner. REUTERS/Yorgos Karahalis (GREECE - Tags: POLITICS BUSINESS)

希腊议会通过财政紧缩法案

Protesters gather in front of the Greek Parliament in Athens on Tuesday Nov. 6, 2012. Greece's unions are holding their third general strike in six weeks to press dissenters in the country's troubled coalition government not to back a major new austerity program that will doom Greeks to further hardship in a sixth year of recession. Two days of demonstrations are planned to start Tuesday, continuing until lawmakers vote late Wednesday on the bill to slash euro 13.5 billion ($17.3 billion) from budget spending over two years. (Foto:Dimitri Messinis/AP/dapd)

Protesters gather in front of the Greek Parliament in Athens on Tuesday Nov. 6, 2012. Greece's unions are holding their third general strike in six weeks to press dissenters in the country's troubled coalition government not to back a major new austerity program that will doom Greeks to further hardship in a sixth year of recession. Two days of demonstrations are planned to start Tuesday, continuing until lawmakers vote late Wednesday on the bill to slash euro 13.5 billion ($17.3 billion) from budget spending over two years. (Foto:Dimitri Messinis/AP/dapd)

希腊再次面临严峻考验

希腊议会周三晚间就新的节约计划进行表决，执政联盟面临严峻挑战

ILLUSTRATION - Eine Euro-Münze, aufgenommen am 10.10.2012 vor dem Parlament in Athen. Die griechische Regierung soll mehr Zeit für die Sanierung des maroden Staatshaushalts erhalten. Foto: Hannibal/dpa +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

ILLUSTRATION - Eine Euro-Münze, aufgenommen am 10.10.2012 vor dem Parlament in Athen. Die griechische Regierung soll mehr Zeit für die Sanierung des maroden Staatshaushalts erhalten. Foto: Hannibal/dpa +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

希腊议会今晚表决新一轮财政紧缩法案

Fertige Flaggen (EU, USA) in der Fahnenfabrik Dommer in Stuttgart, aufgenommen am 18.11.2004. Foto: Jürgen Effner +++(c) dpa - Report+++

Fertige Flaggen (EU, USA) in der Fahnenfabrik Dommer in Stuttgart, aufgenommen am 18.11.2004. Foto: Jürgen Effner +++(c) dpa - Report+++

欧盟议会议长：奥巴马更接近欧洲

Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad holds a press conference in Tehran on October 2, 2012. Iran will not back down on its nuclear programme despite economic problems caused by Western sanctions, Ahmadinejad said. AFP PHOTO/ATTA KENARE (Photo credit should read ATTA KENARE/AFP/GettyImages)

Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad holds a press conference in Tehran on October 2, 2012. Iran will not back down on its nuclear programme despite economic problems caused by Western sanctions, Ahmadinejad said. AFP PHOTO/ATTA KENARE (Photo credit should read ATTA KENARE/AFP/GettyImages)

伊朗议会召见总统

十八大前打压异议人士

大赦国际称，中共当局在十八大前加强了对异议人士的打压。

Protesters from Bani Walid demonstrate outside Libya's national congress compound in Tripoli October 21, 2012. About 500 protesters broke into the grounds of Libya's parliament building on Sunday to demand an end to violence in Bani Walid, a former stronghold of Muammar Gaddafi that is being shelled by militiamen from a rival town. REUTERS/Ismail Zitouny (LIBYA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST) // eingestellt von se

Protesters from Bani Walid demonstrate outside Libya's national congress compound in Tripoli October 21, 2012. About 500 protesters broke into the grounds of Libya's parliament building on Sunday to demand an end to violence in Bani Walid, a former stronghold of Muammar Gaddafi that is being shelled by militiamen from a rival town. REUTERS/Ismail Zitouny (LIBYA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST) // eingestellt von se

多个武装示威者再次冲进利比亚议会大楼

Participants stand during the handover ceremony of power from of the National Transitional Council (NTC) to members of the national congress in Tripoli, August 8, 2012. Libya's ruling council handed over power to a newly elected national assembly on Wednesday in the North African country's first peaceful transition of power in its modern history but which comes amid heightened violence. REUTERS/Esam Al-Fetori (LIBYA - Tags: POLITICS) /eingest. sc

Participants stand during the handover ceremony of power from of the National Transitional Council (NTC) to members of the national congress in Tripoli, August 8, 2012. Libya's ruling council handed over power to a newly elected national assembly on Wednesday in the North African country's first peaceful transition of power in its modern history but which comes amid heightened violence. REUTERS/Esam Al-Fetori (LIBYA - Tags: POLITICS) /eingest. sc

利比亚议会通过新政府成员名单

国际选举观察员批评乌克兰大选是“民主的倒退”

epa03450544 Prisoners of Kachanivska prison, where former Ukrainian Prime Minister and opposition leader Yulia Tymoshenkois is jailed, cast their ballots during parliamentary elections in Kharkiv, Ukraine, 28 October 2012. Voting began Sunday morning in Ukrainian parliamentary elections that opinion polls showed would deliver a reinvigorated opposition for the government as it faces charges of corruption and authoritarianism. Polling centres opened at 8 am (0600 GMT) and would close 12 hours later for the 36.6 million eligible voters to chose between the government side, led by President Viktor Yanukovych, and a united opposition, led by heavyweight boxing champion Vitali Klitschko and former prime minister Yulia Tymoshenko. EPA/SERGEY KOZLOV +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

epa03450544 Prisoners of Kachanivska prison, where former Ukrainian Prime Minister and opposition leader Yulia Tymoshenkois is jailed, cast their ballots during parliamentary elections in Kharkiv, Ukraine, 28 October 2012. Voting began Sunday morning in Ukrainian parliamentary elections that opinion polls showed would deliver a reinvigorated opposition for the government as it faces charges of corruption and authoritarianism. Polling centres opened at 8 am (0600 GMT) and would close 12 hours later for the 36.6 million eligible voters to chose between the government side, led by President Viktor Yanukovych, and a united opposition, led by heavyweight boxing champion Vitali Klitschko and former prime minister Yulia Tymoshenko. EPA/SERGEY KOZLOV +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

乌克兰议会选举初步计票结果揭晓

乌克兰周日举行的议会选举中,虽然反对派势力增强，但是总统亚努科维奇仍然得以继续执政。

Japan's Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda holds a news conference at his official residence in Tokyo October 1, 2012. Noda appointed Koriki Jojima as finance minister on Monday, a senior lawmaker who worked with him on a plan to raise the sales tax, in a cabinet reshuffle aimed at boosting the ruling Democratic Party of Japan's (DPJ) chances in an election expected in months. REUTERS/Toru Hanai (JAPAN - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS BUSINESS)

Japan's Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda holds a news conference at his official residence in Tokyo October 1, 2012. Noda appointed Koriki Jojima as finance minister on Monday, a senior lawmaker who worked with him on a plan to raise the sales tax, in a cabinet reshuffle aimed at boosting the ruling Democratic Party of Japan's (DPJ) chances in an election expected in months. REUTERS/Toru Hanai (JAPAN - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS BUSINESS)

日本首相警告出现国家财政危机

A woman passes by a poster of Ukrainian parliamentary candidte, heavyweight boxing superstar Vitali Klitschko in central Kiev on October 26, 2012. Ukraine's opposition and the party of President Viktor Yanukovych on Friday made a final push for votes on the last day of campaigning before the country's tightly-contested weekend parliamentary polls. AFP PHOTO / VIKTOR DRACHEV (Photo credit should read VIKTOR DRACHEV/AFP/Getty Images)

A woman passes by a poster of Ukrainian parliamentary candidte, heavyweight boxing superstar Vitali Klitschko in central Kiev on October 26, 2012. Ukraine's opposition and the party of President Viktor Yanukovych on Friday made a final push for votes on the last day of campaigning before the country's tightly-contested weekend parliamentary polls. AFP PHOTO / VIKTOR DRACHEV (Photo credit should read VIKTOR DRACHEV/AFP/Getty Images)

乌克兰举行议会选举

KOMBO Iranian lawyer Nasrin Sotoudeh is seen in Tehran on November 1, 2008. Sotoudeh was sentenced to 11 years in prison for defending opposition members after the disputed re-election of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2009. A dozen lawyers defending human rights cases and opposition members are currently imprisoned in Iran, according to Amnesty International, which describes them as prisoners of conscience. AFP PHOTO/ARASH ASHOURINIA === IRAN OUT === (Photo credit should read Arash Ashourinia/AFP/Getty Images)) *** ARCHIV - Der iranische Regisseur Jafar Panahi, aufgenommen nach seiner Freilassung in Tehran (Archivfoto vom 25.05.2010). Panahi steht unter Hausarrest und durfte nicht zum Festival in Cannes. Die Anwältin Nasrin Sotudeh und der Filmemacher Jafar Panahi aus dem Iran sind diesjährige Preisträger des Sacharow-Preises des EU-Parlaments. Dies gab am 26.10.2012 in Straßburg eine Sprecherin des Europaparlaments bekannt. EPA/STR +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

KOMBO Iranian lawyer Nasrin Sotoudeh is seen in Tehran on November 1, 2008. Sotoudeh was sentenced to 11 years in prison for defending opposition members after the disputed re-election of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2009. A dozen lawyers defending human rights cases and opposition members are currently imprisoned in Iran, according to Amnesty International, which describes them as prisoners of conscience. AFP PHOTO/ARASH ASHOURINIA === IRAN OUT === (Photo credit should read Arash Ashourinia/AFP/Getty Images)) *** ARCHIV - Der iranische Regisseur Jafar Panahi, aufgenommen nach seiner Freilassung in Tehran (Archivfoto vom 25.05.2010). Panahi steht unter Hausarrest und durfte nicht zum Festival in Cannes. Die Anwältin Nasrin Sotudeh und der Filmemacher Jafar Panahi aus dem Iran sind diesjährige Preisträger des Sacharow-Preises des EU-Parlaments. Dies gab am 26.10.2012 in Straßburg eine Sprecherin des Europaparlaments bekannt. EPA/STR +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

欧洲议会取消代表团访问伊朗

Former Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, center, the head of the right-wing Likud Party, accompanied by other senior members sing the Israeli national anthem at the party's election center in Tel Aviv, late Tuesday March 28, 2006. The Likud, which dominated Israeli politics for three decades and opposes leading Kadima party's Ehud Olmert's plan to withdraw from much of the West Bank , came in distant fourth, according to the polls. (ddp images/AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis)

Former Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, center, the head of the right-wing Likud Party, accompanied by other senior members sing the Israeli national anthem at the party's election center in Tel Aviv, late Tuesday March 28, 2006. The Likud, which dominated Israeli politics for three decades and opposes leading Kadima party's Ehud Olmert's plan to withdraw from much of the West Bank , came in distant fourth, according to the polls. (ddp images/AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis)

以色列解散议会

Participants stand during the handover ceremony of power from of the National Transitional Council (NTC) to members of the national congress in Tripoli, August 8, 2012. Libya's ruling council handed over power to a newly elected national assembly on Wednesday in the North African country's first peaceful transition of power in its modern history but which comes amid heightened violence. REUTERS/Esam Al-Fetori (LIBYA - Tags: POLITICS) /eingest. sc

Participants stand during the handover ceremony of power from of the National Transitional Council (NTC) to members of the national congress in Tripoli, August 8, 2012. Libya's ruling council handed over power to a newly elected national assembly on Wednesday in the North African country's first peaceful transition of power in its modern history but which comes amid heightened violence. REUTERS/Esam Al-Fetori (LIBYA - Tags: POLITICS) /eingest. sc

利比亚议会选举出新总理

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu gestures as he addresses the weekly cabinet meeting in Jerusalem, Sunday, Sept. 9, 2012. (Foto:Menahem Kahana, Pool/AP/dapd)

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu gestures as he addresses the weekly cabinet meeting in Jerusalem, Sunday, Sept. 9, 2012. (Foto:Menahem Kahana, Pool/AP/dapd)

以色列议会选举日期提前

A woman with a child casts her ballot at a polling station in Vilnius, Lithuania, Sunday, Oct. 14, 2012. Lithuanians are expected to deal a double-blow to the incumbent conservative government in national elections Sunday by handing a victory to opposition leftists and populists and saying 'no' to a new nuclear power plant that supporters claim would boost the country's energy independence. (Foto:Mindaugas Kulbis/AP/dapd)

A woman with a child casts her ballot at a polling station in Vilnius, Lithuania, Sunday, Oct. 14, 2012. Lithuanians are expected to deal a double-blow to the incumbent conservative government in national elections Sunday by handing a victory to opposition leftists and populists and saying 'no' to a new nuclear power plant that supporters claim would boost the country's energy independence. (Foto:Mindaugas Kulbis/AP/dapd)

立陶宛举行议会选举

epa03395918 (FILE) A file photo dated 07 March 2012 shows Deputy Prime Minister of Libya Mustafa Abu Shagour speaking during a press conference, in Tripoli, Libya. Reports on 12 September 2012 state that Libya's national congress has voted Mustafa Abu Shagour as Libya's next prime minister, a live televised vote showed on 12 September. EPA/SABRI ELMHEDWI *** Local Caption *** 50253441 +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

epa03395918 (FILE) A file photo dated 07 March 2012 shows Deputy Prime Minister of Libya Mustafa Abu Shagour speaking during a press conference, in Tripoli, Libya. Reports on 12 September 2012 state that Libya's national congress has voted Mustafa Abu Shagour as Libya's next prime minister, a live televised vote showed on 12 September. EPA/SABRI ELMHEDWI *** Local Caption *** 50253441 +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

利比亚总统遭议会罢免

People visit the ZTE's booth at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona February 27, 2012. The GSMA Mobile World Congress, representing the interests of the worldwide mobile communications industry, will take place from February 27 to March 1 in Barcelona. REUTERS/Albert Gea (SPAIN - Tags: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY BUSINESS TELECOMS)

People visit the ZTE's booth at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona February 27, 2012. The GSMA Mobile World Congress, representing the interests of the worldwide mobile communications industry, will take place from February 27 to March 1 in Barcelona. REUTERS/Albert Gea (SPAIN - Tags: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY BUSINESS TELECOMS)

美国国会：中国电信企业威胁美国安全

Kuwait's Emir Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah arrives for the opening of a new parliamentary term in Kuwait City 30 October 2007. Sheikh al-Sabah issued a stern warning for MPs and the government to halt their infighting, saying it has stalled performance. The oil-rich Gulf state has over the past two years seen three governments resign and a major cabinet reshuffle, as well as the dissolution of parliament and fresh elections in 2006. AFP PHOTO/YASSER AL-ZAYYAT (Photo credit should read YASSER AL-ZAYYAT/AFP/Getty Images)

Kuwait's Emir Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah arrives for the opening of a new parliamentary term in Kuwait City 30 October 2007. Sheikh al-Sabah issued a stern warning for MPs and the government to halt their infighting, saying it has stalled performance. The oil-rich Gulf state has over the past two years seen three governments resign and a major cabinet reshuffle, as well as the dissolution of parliament and fresh elections in 2006. AFP PHOTO/YASSER AL-ZAYYAT (Photo credit should read YASSER AL-ZAYYAT/AFP/Getty Images)

科威特埃米尔解散议会

epa02867054 Jordan's King Abdullah II delivers a speech at the Raghadan Palace in Amman, Jordan, on 14 August 2011. King Abdullah II on Sunday announced that a royal committee had adopted "history-making" amendments to the constitution that would institutionalize political reforms. The amendments included the setting up of a constitutional court, the supervising of general elections by an independent committee and the trial of cabinet ministers in civil courts, he told a meeting at the royal palace shortly after receiving the panel's recommendations. EPA/JAMAL NASRALLAH

epa02867054 Jordan's King Abdullah II delivers a speech at the Raghadan Palace in Amman, Jordan, on 14 August 2011. King Abdullah II on Sunday announced that a royal committee had adopted "history-making" amendments to the constitution that would institutionalize political reforms. The amendments included the setting up of a constitutional court, the supervising of general elections by an independent committee and the trial of cabinet ministers in civil courts, he told a meeting at the royal palace shortly after receiving the panel's recommendations. EPA/JAMAL NASRALLAH

约旦国王宣布解散议会提前选举

Ruling party lawmakers attend parliament during a debate on Turkey-Syria relations, in Ankara, on October 4, 2012. Turkey pounded Syrian targets early on Thursday, killing several soldiers, in reprisal for deadly cross-border fire that has sharply escalated tensions in the tinder-box region. AFP PHOTO/ADEM ALTAN (Photo credit should read ADEM ALTAN/AFP/GettyImages)

Ruling party lawmakers attend parliament during a debate on Turkey-Syria relations, in Ankara, on October 4, 2012. Turkey pounded Syrian targets early on Thursday, killing several soldiers, in reprisal for deadly cross-border fire that has sharply escalated tensions in the tinder-box region. AFP PHOTO/ADEM ALTAN (Photo credit should read ADEM ALTAN/AFP/GettyImages)

土耳其议会批准越境军事行动

欧盟祝贺格鲁吉亚反对派赢得议会选举

epa03415732 A member of the election commission prepares voting booths at a polling station in the village of Sartichala, some 30 kilometers from Tbilisi, Georgia, 30 September 2012. Parliamentary election will be held in Georgia on 01 October 2012. The vote will usher in a major constitutional change, as the prime minister, rather than the president, will hold the most political power from the October 2013 presidential elections onwards. EPA/ZURAB KURTSIKIDZE +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

epa03415732 A member of the election commission prepares voting booths at a polling station in the village of Sartichala, some 30 kilometers from Tbilisi, Georgia, 30 September 2012. Parliamentary election will be held in Georgia on 01 October 2012. The vote will usher in a major constitutional change, as the prime minister, rather than the president, will hold the most political power from the October 2013 presidential elections onwards. EPA/ZURAB KURTSIKIDZE +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

格鲁吉亚议会选举

危机四伏的南高加索共和国格鲁吉亚国民将选举产生新一届议会。反对派领导人伊万尼什维利试图打破萨卡什维利的权力垄断地位。格鲁吉亚监狱的一庄酷刑丑闻给这场激烈的选战带来了影响。

epa03414815 A general view of supporters of the opposition 'Georgian Dream' party gathering for an election campaign rally on a central square in Tbilisi, Georgia, 29 September 2012. Tens of thousands of opposition supporters took part in a mass rally in the Georgian capital on 29 September, two days ahead of a parliamentary election overshadowed by a prison brutality scandal. Some 200,000 people took part in the march, waving the blue banners of the opposition 'Georgian Dream' party led by billionaire Bidzina Ivanishvili. Ivanishvili supporters have been circulating an opinion poll predicting that the party of President Mikhail Saakashvili will lose in the election on 01 October. EPA/ZURAB KURTSIKIDZE +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

epa03414815 A general view of supporters of the opposition 'Georgian Dream' party gathering for an election campaign rally on a central square in Tbilisi, Georgia, 29 September 2012. Tens of thousands of opposition supporters took part in a mass rally in the Georgian capital on 29 September, two days ahead of a parliamentary election overshadowed by a prison brutality scandal. Some 200,000 people took part in the march, waving the blue banners of the opposition 'Georgian Dream' party led by billionaire Bidzina Ivanishvili. Ivanishvili supporters have been circulating an opinion poll predicting that the party of President Mikhail Saakashvili will lose in the election on 01 October. EPA/ZURAB KURTSIKIDZE +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

格鲁吉亚面临路线选择

格鲁吉亚执政党和反对党就未来新议会中的权力分配问题展开激烈竞争。

Nordkoreaner ehren ihren Staatsgründer Kim Il Sung am Vorabend des Gründungstags der Volksrepublik (9.9.1948) in dem sie Blumen niederlegen an der 22 Meter hohen Bronzestatue Kim Il Sungs in der Hauptstadt Pjöngjang. Aufnahme vom 08.09.2007. Foto: Thomas Gutschker +++(c) dpa - Report+++

Nordkoreaner ehren ihren Staatsgründer Kim Il Sung am Vorabend des Gründungstags der Volksrepublik (9.9.1948) in dem sie Blumen niederlegen an der 22 Meter hohen Bronzestatue Kim Il Sungs in der Hauptstadt Pjöngjang. Aufnahme vom 08.09.2007. Foto: Thomas Gutschker +++(c) dpa - Report+++

朝鲜延长义务教育年限

RETRANSMISSION FOR ALTERNATIVE CROP - Incumbent Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko seen before a news conference after preliminary election results show him overwhelmingly winning a fourth term in Minsk, Berlarus, Monday, Dec. 20, 2010. International observers and Western governments accused Belarus' strongman leader of using fraud and violence to remain in power after more than 16 years of repressive rule, saying Monday that President Alexander Lukashenko's re-election had been seriously flawed. (AP Photo/Sergey Ponomarev)

RETRANSMISSION FOR ALTERNATIVE CROP - Incumbent Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko seen before a news conference after preliminary election results show him overwhelmingly winning a fourth term in Minsk, Berlarus, Monday, Dec. 20, 2010. International observers and Western governments accused Belarus' strongman leader of using fraud and violence to remain in power after more than 16 years of repressive rule, saying Monday that President Alexander Lukashenko's re-election had been seriously flawed. (AP Photo/Sergey Ponomarev)

不过是一场表演

白俄罗斯议会选举完全是一场表演。

Belarus soldiers cast their ballots during a parliamentary election at a polling station in Minsk September 23, 2012. The election on Sunday is likely to reinforce hardline President Alexander Lukashenko's grip on the small former Soviet country despite a boycott call from the dispirited opposition. REUTERS/Vasily Fedosenko (BELARUS - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS MILITARY)

Belarus soldiers cast their ballots during a parliamentary election at a polling station in Minsk September 23, 2012. The election on Sunday is likely to reinforce hardline President Alexander Lukashenko's grip on the small former Soviet country despite a boycott call from the dispirited opposition. REUTERS/Vasily Fedosenko (BELARUS - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS MILITARY)

白俄罗斯议会选举投票结束

People walk past pictures of candidates for the parliamentary election in Minsk September 17, 2012. Belarus's two main opposition parties said they would boycott a parliamentary election next Sunday, denouncing it as a fake exercise and are calling on people to "go fishing or visit your parents" instead. REUTERS/Vasily Fedosenko (BELARUS - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS)

People walk past pictures of candidates for the parliamentary election in Minsk September 17, 2012. Belarus's two main opposition parties said they would boycott a parliamentary election next Sunday, denouncing it as a fake exercise and are calling on people to "go fishing or visit your parents" instead. REUTERS/Vasily Fedosenko (BELARUS - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS)

卢卡申科的“橡皮图章”议会

700万白俄罗斯人选举新议会。