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日本

日本国土由6852个岛屿组成,面积约37.8万平方公里,人口1.26亿,其中3500万生活于东京都市圈内。

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Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda listens to a reporter's question during a news conference at the Prime Minister's official residence in Tokyo Friday, June 8, 2012. Noda said in the news conference broadcast live to the nation Japan must restart two nuclear reactors to protect the economy and people's livelihoods in a news conference. (Foto:Itsuo Inouye/AP/dapd)
FILE - In this Thursday, Oct. 13, 2011 file photo, Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force's P-3C Orion surveillance plane flies over the disputed islands in the East China Sea, called the Senkaku in Japan and Diaoyu in China. Tokyo's outspoken governor says the city has decided to buy a group of disputed islands to bolster Japanese claims to the territory, a move that could elevate tensions with China. (Foto:Kyodo News, File/AP/dapd) JAPAN OUT, MANDATORY CREDIT, NO LICENSING IN JAPAN, CHINA, HONG KONG, SOUTH KOREA AND FRANCE
Blick auf die Ortschaft Krabosawodskje auf der Kurilen-Insel Shikotan in der russischen Provinz Sachalin. (Aufnahme vom Februar 1999). Die Kurileninseln zwischen der Halbinsel Kamtschatka und der japanischen Insel Hokkaido gehören zu Rußland. Sie wurden 1634 entdeckt und gehörten ab 1875 zu Japan. Im Frühjahr 1945 wurden sie von den Allierten in der Jalta-Konferenz der UdSSR zugesprochen und im August von den Sowjets besetzt. Im amerikanisch-japanischen Friedensvertrag von 1951 gab Japan alle Ansprüche auf die Inseln auf. Später forderten die Japaner allerdings die vier südlichen Inseln Habomai, Shikotan, Kunashiri und Etorofu zurück, da sie nicht zur Kurilenkette gehören würden, sonden Japans "nördliche Territorien" seien. Das umstrittene Gebiet wird von lediglich rund 17000 Menschen bewohnt. Auf den Inseln und im umliegenden Meeresboden werden Vorräte an wertvollen Mineralien und Metallen vermutet.
©Kyodo/MAXPPP - 24/01/2012 ; TOKYO, Japan - The opening ceremony of a 150-day regular Diet session is held in the presence of Emperor Akihito (center, back) at the main hall of the House of Councillors in Tokyo on Jan. 24, 2012. (Kyodo)
Chinese paramilitary officers at the China Korea Friendship Bridge waits for vehicles transporting goods to pass by in Dandong, northeastern China, Monday, Oct. 16, 2006. Officials in China, North Korea's main trading partner, were inspecting cargo trucks bound for the North more closely on Monday after the U.N. Security Council approved sanctions on the North for its claimed nuclear test.(AP Photo/Ng Han Guan)
In this aerial photo taken April 22, 2012, three reactors, from left, No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3, are seen at the Tomari Nuclear Power Plant, operated by Hokkaido Electric Power Co., in Tomari in Japan's northernmost main island of Hokkaido. Japan will be free of atomic power for the first time since 1966 on Saturday, May 5, when the Tomari No. 3 reactor, the last of its 50 usable reactors, is switched off for regular inspections. The central government would like to restart them at some point, but it's running into strong opposition from local citizens and governments.(AP Photo/Kyodo News) JAPAN OUT, MANDATORY CREDIT, NO LICENSING IN CHINA, HONG KONG, JAPAN, SOUTH KOREA AND FRANCE
The South Korean navy's 14,000 ton-class large-deck landing ship Dokdo sails through the Yellow Sea of South Korea during military drills, Thursday, Aug. 5, 2010. South Korean troops fired artillery and dropped sonar buoys into the Yellow Sea as naval drills kicked off Thursday near the spot where a warship sank four months ago. (AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man, Pool)
ARCHIV - Das Atomkraftwerk Angra mit den Blöcken Angra I und Angra II, aufgenommen am 25 November 2007 in Angra dos Reis, Brasilien. Eigentlich war die Atomkraft in Lateinamerika nach langen Jahren der Stagnation gerade wieder «in Mode» gekommen. Vor allem der aufstrebende Wirtschaftsriese Brasilien will verstärkt auf Atomstrom setzen, sogar das Erdbebenland Chile trägt sich mit Plänen für ein erstes Atomkraftwerk. Diese hochfliegenden Pläne könnten durch die japanische Atomkatastrophe ins Trudeln geraten. EPA/MARCELO SAYAO (Zu dpa-Korr "Japan-Katastrophe heizt Atomdebatte in Lateinamerika an")
Japan's Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda gestures in front of a Japanese national flag as he speaks at a joint news conference of the fifth trilateral summit among China, South Korea and Japan at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on Sunday, May 13, 2012. (AP Photo/Petar Kujundzic, Pool)
Caryatids in Erechtheum, Acropolis,Athens,Greece © anastasios71 #36235068
Japanese Foreign Minister Koichiro Gemba speaks during a meeting with Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, not shown, at the State Department in Washington, Monday, Dec. 19, 2011. (AP Photo/Luis M. Alvarez).
ARCHIV - Zwei Menschen stehen am 13.10.2011 neben ihrem Zelt in einem Basislager für einen Aufstieg auf den Mount Everest (Hintergrund). Ein 61-jähriger deutscher Arzt ist beim Abstieg vom Mount Everest ums Leben gekommen. Vier weitere Kletterer würden auf dem welthöchsten Berg vermisst, teilte ein Sprecher der Tourismusbehörde am Montag (21.05.2012) mit. Der Deutsche habe den Gipfel des Everest in 8850 Metern Höhe erklommen und sei am Samstag (19.05.2012) beim Abstieg vermutlich an Höhenkrankheit gestorben, sagte ein Vertreter des Reiseveranstalters. Foto: Barbara Walton/epa/dpa +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++ pixel
A Chinese flag is hoisted in front of the eggs- and paint- stained Japanese consulate with broken windows, one day after about 20,000 protesters, some shouting "Kill the Japanese!", rampaging through town Sunday April 17, 2005 in Shanghai, China. Japan's foreign minister flew to Beijing carrying a protest against violent anti-Japanese rallies, as Chinese police allowed more demonstrations Sunday over Tokyo's wartime history and its bid for a permanent U.N. Security Council seat. Japan filed a formal protest, complaining that Chinese authorities failed to stop anti-Japanese violence for the third straight weekend. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko)
A Japanese flag flutters atop the Bank of Japan headquarters building in Tokyo in this October 26, 2011 file photograph. The Bank of Japan, facing mounting government pressure, eased monetary policy further on April 27, 2012, by boosting asset purchases by 10 trillion yen ($124 billion), more than markets had expected, and pledging to buy longer-term government bonds in a show of resolve to pull the economy out of deflation. REUTERS/Yuriko Nakao (JAPAN - Tags: BUSINESS)
Yukiko Anzai, whose farm is close to the Tomari reactor in Japan, holds a button in that says in Japanese, "Nuclear Power? Goodbye," Tuesday, Sept. 20, 2011, during a news conference about the Fukushima nuclear accident, at the National Press Club in Washington. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)
Archaeological site Bagan, Burma / Archaeologische Ausgrabungsstaette Bagan, Birma / Myanmar
Jun Azumi enters the prime minister's official residence after being picked as finance minister by new Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda in Tokyo Friday, Sept. 2, 2011. (Foto:Shizuo Kambayashi/AP/dapd)
FILES - Patriot missile system ready for activation at Kadena air base on Japan's southern island of Okinawa, Wednesday 25 October, 2006. The patriot missiles arrived in Japan 11 October in response to North Koreas nuclear test activities. The Patriot Advanced Capability System (PAC) deployed include both PAC-2 and PAC-3 systems. The PAC-2 system is designed to shoot down attacking enemy aircraft, while the PAC-3 is capable of shooting down ballistic missiles. EPA/HITOSHI MAESHIRO (zu dpa 1978 vom 14.04.2011)
PAC-3 land-to-air missiles set at the Defense Ministry in Tokyo, Sunday, March 29, 2009.Japan's military mobilized to protect the country from any threat if North Korea's looming rocket launch fails, ordering two missile-equipped destroyers to the Sea of Japan and sending batteries of Patriot missile interceptors to protect the northern coastline.(AP Photo/Itsuo Inouye)
Pedestrians read extra editions of Japanese newspapers reporting North Korea's nuclear test in Tokyo, Japan, Monday, May 25, 2009. North Korea defiantly declared Monday that it successfully carried out its second underground nuclear test _ a major provocation less than two months after launching a rocket widely believed to be a test of its long-range missile technology. Headline reads: North Korea conducts nuclear test. (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi)
Models of mock North Korea's Scud-B missile, center right, and other South Korean missiles are displayed at Korea War Memorial Museum in Seoul, South Korea, Saturday, April 4, 2009. North Korea said preparations to launch a satellite were complete Saturday and liftoff was imminent, as U.S., Japanese and South Korean warships with radar plied waters near the communist nation to monitor what they fear is a long-range missile test. (ddp images/AP Photo/ Lee Jin-man)
FILE - In this April 5, 2009 image made from KRT video, a rocket is lifted off from its launch pad in Musudan-ri, North Korea. North Korea announced Friday, March 16, 2012, it plans to launch a long-range rocket mounted with a satellite next month, a surprise move that comes weeks after it agreed to nuclear concessions including a moratorium on long-range missile tests. The launch plan comes as North Korea prepares to celebrate the April 15 centenary of the birth of its founder, Kim Il Sung. (Foto:KRT TV, File/AP/dapd) NORTH KOREA OUT, TV OUT
A bank teller counts renminbi bank notes in Shenyang, northeast China 13 January 2010. The Chinese central bank, BOC (Peoples Bank of China) raised the deposit reserve requirement for 0.5 percentage points to be effective 18 January. This move is seen as a bid to tighten money supply after four times lowering rates since June 2008 in order to stimulate the economy. The move led to a 2.11 percentage drop in the benchmark Shanghai Composite stock index. EPA/MARK
TOKYO, Japan - Handout photo shows smoke billowing from the No. 3 reactor of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in Fukushima Prefecture on March 21, 2011. On front left is the No. 2 reactor and on back right is the No. 4 reactor. Efforts are under way to put the crippled plant under control since the March 11 quake and tsunami. Photo supplied by Tokyo Electric Power Co./Kyodo/MaxPPP
Demonstrators walk by the headquarters of Tokyo Electric Power Co., the operator of tsunami-hit Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant, during their anti-nuclear power protest in Tokyo Thursday, June 30, 2011. Japanese reads: Stop nuclear power plants. (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi)
A natural gas field under development by China in waters along the sea border in the East China Sea separating China's eastern coast and Japan's southern island chain of Okinawa is seen in this photo taken in 2004. China and Japan's competing claims to natural gas and oil deposits under the East China Sea have thrown fuel on relations already ablaze over how to remember Japan's brutal colonization of China in the last century. But some in Japan feel the dispute may offer a way for the Asian powers to repair their badly frayed relationship _ if only they could do the sensible thing and develop the gas fields together. "Standard oil and gas industry practice is to talk things over and determine the most efficient way to go about developing disputed fields," Koichi Shimomura, a spokesman for Japan Petroleum Exploration Co, said Friday, April 15, 2005. (AP Photo/Kyodo News) **JAPAN OUT NO SALES CREDIT MANDATORY**