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中央银行

中央银行是负责国家或地区(如欧盟)货币政策的主体机构,通常也是一个经济共同体的唯一货币发行机构。正常的发行方式为贷款和买卖外汇,因此它也是外汇市场的参与者之一。

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A bank teller counts renminbi bank notes in Shenyang, northeast China 13 January 2010. The Chinese central bank, BOC (Peoples Bank of China) raised the deposit reserve requirement for 0.5 percentage points to be effective 18 January. This move is seen as a bid to tighten money supply after four times lowering rates since June 2008 in order to stimulate the economy. The move led to a 2.11 percentage drop in the benchmark Shanghai Composite stock index. EPA/MARK
In this photo released by Xinhua news agency, passers-by walk past the headquarters of the People's Bank of China in Beijing, Friday, Aug. 18, 2006. The central bank raised interest rates Friday for the second time in four months, stepping up efforts to cool off an economic boom that the government worries could spark a financial crisis. (AP Photo/Xinhua, Chen Haitong)
A hostess walks past the euro sign at an exhibition about currencies in Beijing, China, Wednesday, Feb. 15, 2012. China's Central Bank Governor Zhou Xiaochuan said Beijing has confidence in the euro and will keep buying the debt of European governments. (Foto:Alexander F. Yuan/AP/dapd)
French President Nicolas Sarkozy (L) greets the President of Tunisia Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali at the Grand Palais main entrance, in Paris, France,13 July 2008, before the start of the plenary session of the Paris Summit for the Mediterranean. Mr. Sarkozy is trying to broker a project of special cooperation between the European Union and those countries in Asia and Africa that border the Mediterranean Sea. EPA/YOAN VALAT +++(c) dpa - Report+++
Two women walk at a residential and office building during lunch break in Beijing, Monday, Dec. 28, 2009. China's premiere Wen Jiabao said Sunday that China's banks should lend less, reflecting concern that a credit surge this year to support Beijing's 4 trillion yuan ($586 billion) stimulus might be driving dangerous overinvestment that could leave lenders with bad loans if unneeded projects fail. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)
China's People's Bank of China Governor Zhou Xiaochuan answers reporter's question during a news conference Sunday, Sept. 17, 2006 in Singapore. Zhou is in Singapore to attend the annual meeting of World Bank-IMF. (AP Photo/Apichart Weerawong)