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中央銀行

中央銀行是負責國家或地區(如歐盟)貨幣政策的主體機構,通常也是一個經濟共同體的唯一貨幣發行機構。正常的發行方式為貸款和買賣外匯,因此它也是外匯市場的參與者之一。

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Athen Griechenland Parlament Plenum
Traders are pictured at their desks in front of the DAX board at the Frankfurt stock exchange November 7, 2013. The European Central Bank cut interest rates to a new record low on Thursday, responding to a slump in inflation way below its target that has sparked fears the euro zone's economic recovery could stall. REUTERS/Remote/Stringer (GERMANY - Tags: BUSINESS)
In this picture taken on March 12, 2012 a Chinese man walks in front of China's Central bank in Beijing, China. Premier Wen Jiabao, China's top economic official, said Tuesday, April 3, 2012, its state-owned banks are monopolies that must be broken up, acknowledging mounting economic and political pressure to reform an industry whose vast profits are fueling public anger. (Foto: Vincent Thian/AP/dapd)
FRANKFURT AM MAIN, GERMANY - NOVEMBER 05: A tram passes the giant Euro symbol outside the headquarters of the European Central Bank (ECB) on November 5, 2012 in Frankfurt, Germany. Analysts are predicting that ECB President Mario Draghi will announce in a press conference scheduled for November 8 that he will leave ECB interest rates unchanged despite continued weak economic data coming from many Eurozone economies. (Photo by Hannelore Foerster/Getty Images)
ARCHIV - Die Projektion einer 100-Dollar-Note ist am 21.04.2010 während einer Veranstaltung im US-Finanzministerium in Washington D.C. zu sehen. Foto: Astrid Riecken/epa (zu dpa: «US-Haushaltsstreit nährt den Traum vom eigenen Staat» vom 12.10.2013)
Symbolbild China, Euro, Währung, Geld, Schein, Yuan. Copyright: Gina Sanders/Fotolia.com, #28383795
In this picture taken on March 12, 2012 a Chinese man walks in front of China's Central bank in Beijing, China. Premier Wen Jiabao, China's top economic official, said Tuesday, April 3, 2012, its state-owned banks are monopolies that must be broken up, acknowledging mounting economic and political pressure to reform an industry whose vast profits are fueling public anger. (Foto: Vincent Thian/AP/dapd)
(FILES) - A file picture shows Indian Currency notes in New Delhi on December 7, 2011. India's central bank is expected to keep interest rates on hold on January 24, 2012, judging it too early to begin lowering them despite concerns over slowing growth in Asia's third-largest economy. Policymakers from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) are to meet in the financial capital Mumbai, with pressure mounting from business leaders for the bank to help stimulate growth.AFP PHOTO/Manan VATSYAYANA (Photo credit should read MANAN VATSYAYANA/AFP/Getty Images)
In this picture taken on March 12, 2012 a Chinese man walks in front of China's Central bank in Beijing, China. Premier Wen Jiabao, China's top economic official, said Tuesday, April 3, 2012, its state-owned banks are monopolies that must be broken up, acknowledging mounting economic and political pressure to reform an industry whose vast profits are fueling public anger. (Foto: Vincent Thian/AP/dapd)
An investor looks at the stock price monitor at a stock securities company Thursday Nov. 13, 2008 in Shanghai, China. Chinese shares have climbed, shrugging off losses in other Asian markets as newly released details of Beijing's economic stimulus plan helped boost construction and other stocks. The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index jumped 3.68 percent, or 68.5 points, to close at 1927.61. (AP Photo)
In this picture taken on March 12, 2012 a Chinese man walks in front of China's Central bank in Beijing, China. Premier Wen Jiabao, China's top economic official, said Tuesday, April 3, 2012, its state-owned banks are monopolies that must be broken up, acknowledging mounting economic and political pressure to reform an industry whose vast profits are fueling public anger. (Foto: Vincent Thian/AP/dapd)
ARCHIV - Der Präsident des Europäischen Parlaments, Martin Schulz (SPD), unterhält sich am Montag (17.09.2012) in Berlin. Schulz pocht darauf, das mehr als 16 Milliarden Euro große Defizit der EU für 2013 auszugleichen. Foto: Maurizio Gambarini/dpa (zu dpa "Schulz fordert Ausgleich des Milliardendefizits der EU" vom 04.03.2013) +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
ARCHIV - Ein Bankangestellter zählt am 14.10.2010 in einer Bank im zentralchinesischen Hefei Yuan-Banknoten. Die Inflation ist in China weiter gefallen. Der Rückgang auf den niedrigsten Stand seit 29 Monaten gibt der Regierung neuen Raum zur Ankurbelung der Konjunktur. Nach Angaben der Staatsmedien rief Regierungschef Jiabao angesichts des schwächeren Wirtschaftswachstums zu einer «aggressiveren» Feinabstimmung in der Geldpolitik auf. EPA/YI FAN (zu dpa 0155 vom 09.07.2012) +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
Mario Draghi, President of the European Central Bank (ECB) , addresses the media during his monthly news conference in Frankfurt, March 7, 2013. Draghi announced that the ECB leaves the interest rates unchanged. REUTERS/Kai Pfaffenbach (GERMANY - Tags: BUSINESS)
Hessen/ Joerg Asmussen, Chefvolkswirt im Direktorium der Europaeischen Zentralbank, spricht am Montag (14.11.11) in Frankfurt am Main auf der Lead Conference der Euro Finance Week. Nach Ansicht von Ackermann wird es immer schwieriger, auslaendische Grossinvestoren vom Kauf europaeischer Staatsanleihen zu ueberzeugen. Im Nahen Osten und anderswo fuerchteten moegliche Anleger, nach dem Kauf zu einer Lastenteilung aufgefordert zu werden, sagte Ackermann am Montag auf der Euro-Finanzwoche in Frankfurt am Main. (zu dapd-Text) Foto: Mario Vedder/dapd. // eingestellt von se