Shekaru 100 da mutuwar wanda ya taka rawa a Jamus

A karshen 1918, Jamus ta kasance a wani yanayi na tsaka mai wuya. An tabbatar da nasara a kan ta a yakin duniya na farko kuma Sarki Wilhelm na biyu ya tsere zuwa gudun hijira a kasar Netherlands don gujewa juyin-juya hali na watan Nuwamba, wanda ya fara da boren jirgin ruwa. Mutane mara adadi na cikin matsanancin hali na yunwa, sojojin masu rauni sun komo daga filin yaki, suna laluben matsayinsu a cikin duniyar da ta wargaje.

Karin Bayani: Jam'iyyar CDU/CSU na kan gaba a zaben Jamus

A wannan lokaci na rudani da tashin hankali, Friedrich Ebert wanda mahaifinsa ya kasance tela, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara makomar siyasa a Jamus. An haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu, 1871, a garin Heidelberg, kuma shi ne na bakwai cikin 'ya'ya tara.

Rayuwar Ebert tana wakiltar mafarkin ci gaban zamantakewa. Kwararren matafiyi na sirdi, wanda ya yi tafiya tsawon shekaru bayan ya kammala karatunsa kuma ya mallaki wani gidan mashaya, kwazonsa basirarsa na sanin yakamata a kai shi zuwa matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party, SPD. Tun daga watan Nuwamba na 1918, ya yi aiki a matsayin babban memba na abin da ake kira gwamnatin juyin juya hali ta Jamus, hadin gwiwar SPD tare da jam'iyya mafi tsattsauran ra'ayi ta USPD. Yakin duniya na farkon ya yi wa Ebert mummunan rauni, biyu daga cikin ’ya’yansa biyar sun mutu.

Ba shi da alaka da ko wane addini, ya goyi bayan wani muhimmin yunkuri na canza alkiblar kasar, don canjawa daga tsarin mulkin mallakar sarauta na Prussia zuwa jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya ta zamani. Godiya ga tsarinsa na sasanci, Ebert ya sami nasarar gudanar da siyasa cikin mawuyacin yanayi bayan yakin basasa.

Amma Ebert ya mai da kansa abokin gaba ga masu ra'ayin gurguzu. Domin ya yi aiki tare da tsofaffin jiga-jigan sojoji da jami'ai don tabbatar da dimokuradiyya. Masu ra'ayin gurguzu sun zarge shi da cin amanar kungiyar kwadago a wannan lokaci da ke mai matukar muhimmanci. Lamarin da ya kara ta'azzara, inda a ranar 5 ga Janairu, 1919 masu ra'ayin gurguzu, da kuma 'yan Marxist suka hada taron gangami a Berlin don hambarar da gwamnati tare da toshe hanyar kafa dimukuradiyyar majalisar dokoki, duk da goyon bayan mafi yawa daga cikin Jamusawa. Barazanar yakin basasa ya kunno kai, 'yan kwanaki kadan kafin gudanar da zaben dimukuradiyya na farko a Jamus. Ebert ya samu nasarar zuba wa wannan rikicin run sanyi, bayan mako guda na kazamin rikici.

A ranar 28 ga Fabrairun 1925, ya ce ga garinku yana shekaru 54. Mutuwarsa da wuri ya kawo karshen zaman lafiya da mutuwar dimukuradiyya. A cikin 1933, Adolf Hitler ya hau kan karagar mulki, ya lalata ayyukan rayuwar Ebert kuma ya shigar da Jamus cikin babi mafi duhu a tarihinta. A yau, shekaru 150 bayan haihuwar Ebert, Jamus ta kasance karkashin mulkin dimukuradiyya na shekaru da yawa. Duk da haka, bai kamata a yi wasa da ginshikin dimukuradiyya ba.